Engineering & Hardware Utilities
Precision calculators for PCB trace geometry, passive networks, RF microstrip impedance, and MCU peripherals based on IPC standards.
IoT Battery Life & Runtime Estimator
Battery capacity, active/sleep duty cycles, and operating lifespan
Load Profile Parameters
Duty CycleEstimated Operating Lifespan
Mathematical Formula & Engineering Rules
Lifespan (hours) = (CapacitymAh × Derating) / Iavg (mA)
Worked Engineering Example
Target: BLE sensor reporting temperature every 60 seconds on a CR2032 (220 mAh) coin cell.
- Active current: 15 mA for 100 ms (0.1 s).
- Deep sleep current: 3.5 μA (0.0035 mA) for 59.9 s.
- Average current: (15 × 0.1 + 0.0035 × 59.9) / 60 = 0.0285 mA (28.5 μA).
- With 85% battery capacity derating: (220 × 0.85) / 0.0285 = 6,561 hours = 273 days (~9 months).
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1:
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Trace Width Calculator
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Voltage Divider
Loaded vs. unloaded output calculations and standard E24 resistor pairing
SMD Code Decoder
3-digit, 4-digit, and EIA-96 precision resistor marking decoding
LED Resistor
Forward voltage drop, source voltage, and operating current calculation
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