Engineering & Hardware Utilities
Precision calculators for PCB trace geometry, passive networks, RF microstrip impedance, and MCU peripherals based on IPC standards.
UART Baud Rate & Clock Error Calculator
Compute microcontroller timer reload registers and framing error percentages
Clock & Baud Rate
Framing ErrorError & Reload Registers
Mathematical Formula & Engineering Rules
Actual Baud = Fclk / (16 × Integer_Divisor)
Error (%) = [ (Actual Baud - Target Baud) / Target Baud ] × 100%
Worked Engineering Example
Example: Target 115200 baud on an AVR running at 16 MHz.
- UBRR = (16,000,000 / (16 × 115200)) - 1 = 8.68 - 1 = 7.68 → Round to 8.
- Actual Baud = 16,000,000 / (16 × (8 + 1)) = 111,111 baud.
- Error = (111111 - 115200) / 115200 = -3.55% (marginal, may drop frames).
- Switching to double speed mode (U2X=1): Error drops to -1.4%.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1:
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